2022 CTRE: Conclusion of spring cone control research in North Carolina
From Bert Cregg
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From Bert Cregg
Conclusion of spring cone control research in North Carolina
Speaker: Jeffrey Owen - North Carolina State University (NCSU), Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, Mountain Horticultural Crops Research & Extension Center, Mills River, NC 28759
Occurred: 10:45-11:15 PDT June 9, 2022
Abstract
Fraser fir Christmas trees can produce unwanted female cones prematurely after periods of environmental stress. Manual removal of cones can be one of the most expensive practices growers incur over a crop rotation. After 10 years of Fraser fir cone control research in NC, efforts narrowed to killing tender emerged cones in the spring using contact herbicides. Of more than twenty products tested, herbicidal soaps (fatty acid/alcohols) were the most effective at killing cones. Killed immature cones dry to small persistent brown cones. Additional rate and spray coverage work was conducted with two organic herbicides, Axxe (ammoniated pelargonic salts) and Scythe (a fatty acid). Rate and timing studies progressed from testing back pack sprayer to high pressure hose sprayer applications. Treatment success was a function of spray coverage. Both herbicides have potential to injure new growth if applied at the wrong time. Used at the right time – after all cones have broken bud, but before any foliage buds emerge, all rates of Axxe (4 oz., 6oz., 8 oz., 10 oz., 13 oz., and 15 oz.) were used safely. Tree injury occurred in North Carolina with all but the lowest Scythe application rates. A 6% rate of Axxe was effective at killing nearly 100% of cones when full coverage was achieved. Eight percent and 10% rates of Axxe were more consistent at killing cones across less favorable treatment conditions. Volumes of spray needed to achieve full coverage were measured. Estimated cost of treatment using a 6% application rate was less than the estimated cost of manual cone removal currently employed by growers.