Guided by experimental tests of theory and practice, science and engineering have advanced rapidly in the past 500 years.  Guided primarily by tradition and dogma, the learning and teaching of these subjects meanwhile have remained largely medieval.  Research on how people learn is now revealing much more effective ways to learn, teach, and evaluate learning than what is in use in the traditional college class.  The combination of this research with information technology is setting the stage for a new approach to teaching and learning that can provide the relevant and effective science and engineering education for all students that is needed for the 21st century.  Although the focus of the talk is on undergraduate science and engineering learning and teaching, where the data is the most compelling, the underlying principles come from studies of the general development of expertise and apply widely.