In this final video for the course I proposed to use three questions that I'm going to ask you as a way of sort of highlighting how much the economy is changing in ways that we don't necessarily understand and why the clashes of economic ideas continue today. The three questions now and I'm going to give you each one of them and then give you the answer are these: the first question I'll ask it and then just pause briefly and let you answer it to yourself and then I'll give the answer. What happened, the first question, what happened to the number of deaths per year from natural disasters in the last hundred years. So, what happened to the number of deaths per year that occur because of natural disasters over the last hundred years? Did those more than double, did they remained the same, or did they decrease to less than half? OK, so I gave you a second to think about that question. The answer is that the number of deaths per year from natural disasters over the last hundred years has decreased to less than half. Now just to make sure you understand that, that's not the average number of deaths so that's not proportionate to the total population that's the actual number of deaths per year from the natural disasters and over the past three years. Sorry over the past one hundred years, the population on earth has tripled from around two billion or just over two billion to seven billion and yet the number of deaths per year have decreased by less than half. A second question, the global average of years spent in school by men on the planet is eight years. What is the global average of years spent in school for women? Is it seven, five or three years? So do women spend seven years in school, five years or three years? Men on average, around the globe, spend eight. When I first answered this question I assumed that the answer was closer to three so I said five. In fact I was wrong. In fact, today, the average number of years that women spend in school around the globe is seven years almost the same as the average number of years that men spend in school. Of course, there are places where women spend far less numbers of years in school than others but this is the global average. The final question. In the last twenty years the percentage of the world's population that lives in extreme poverty has, so we are talking about extreme poverty here, that is at the edge of subsistence defined by the World Bank has under two dollars a day. In the last twenty years the percentage of the world's population living in those conditions has what? Has it almost doubled? Is about the same or has it more than halved? I'm happy to report that the answer to this question is that the the number of, the percentage of the world's population living in extreme poverty has more than halved. In fact in 1980 the percentage of the world's population living in extreme poverty was over forty percent. And today the percentage of the world's population living in extreme poverty has just dipped below ten percent and in fact it might even at this point in time be close to five percent. And now these numbers may have surprised you. You may have thought that things were much worse than these numbers suggest that they are. And I think this is an appropriate way to kind of conclude the course as we think about the clash of economic ideas the most important fact from my perspective to think about as we look at the world that we're we are in currently living is that by almost any measure and these three were just the hand. You know just three of many measures that we could use. The world is a much better place today that it was a hundred years ago. The experience of human beings on this earth is significantly better than it was a hundred years. And this is has come as a result of the interactions of these kinds of clashes of ideas that we've had in this class. And of the outcome of the policymakers thinking about them but also of individuals acting in the economy in their own lives in their communities to make the world a better place. And I am pleased that we are in the position we're in today where so few humans face the extreme poverty. Where so few people die from natural disasters. Despite the fact that they still do, and that's a shame and that women are beginning to experience the same level of education that men have around the globe. So I look forward to another century of clashes over economic ideas to see what we learn.