OK we're ready to get started here SOL. This afternoon we're going to hear from Dr. Jennifer told is going to talk about. Yes inspection Food Safety Inspection Service with the U.S.D.A.. She's got to lectures. It's a little bit longer than rushed here so I'm not particular more time for you so explain a little bit about your personal background it wasn't too many years ago you're sitting here and she won fifty or. Two well almost eleven now it seems. OK. All right OK. Just a little bit on my history I did graduate from a miss you. Animal Science degree in ninety six with a bachelor's and then I finished my venire degree in two thousand. I did go to a private veterinary practice theory in the summer area of Michigan for about four and a half years. And then just two demands on my time and having a young daughter decided that I wanted to find a job where I would have my nights and weekends to myself and work a little less than seventy hours a week. So I went back through all my. Information from this class in my government corporate. Practice class for nontraditional of unary roles and FS I asked was one of the options available I put in my application and I've been with a sense. Summer of two thousand and four and it's been a very good fit for me as far as. Working forty to forty four hours a week in being able to. Have a home life rather than my life being strictly about my job. But I did enjoy private practice it was just a little more time than I wanted to spend. Away from my family. So today we're just going to go over. A brief history of this which is Food Safety Inspection Service department of us C.A.A. and different things that veterinarians within FS fire us do I'm currently no longer an implant but in Marion with F Assayas I have taken a supervisory position. And so I supervise about four vets in fifteen. Food inspectors throughout Michigan's history of meat inspection basically FS I asked says we know it today was it was founded in response to a book called The Jungle by Upton Sinclair. The book was was mainly written as a socialist commentary but it outlined how the the situations in the conditions of workers in the Chicago meat packing houses. In it the both the book didn't really have the aim that it was meant for her but it did certainly cause the public outcry because of the conditions that were outlined in an after an investigation were found to be. Fairly accurate. And that was after I was commissioned by President Roosevelt that they were able to come from that's basically how the meatpacking industry was run. And if you ever get a chance to read the book it's. It's neat because a lot of the processes. Haven't changed I mean obviously we've got a lot cleaner and and added more mechanics to it but the basic way that any animal was slaughtered back in one thousand nine hundred six is. Other than more regulations is fairly similar and there actually are still in in operation some of the old gravity fed kill for still where that described in the book. Where the animals walk up to like the third or fourth floor or gravity on down hill. After the book the federal means fraction active nineteen zero six. Made mandatory animal them especially of livestock post-mortem inspection of every carcass and these are all still in effect today we still look at every single carcass that is killed for three or read me. It also sets standards for slaughterhouses and it's now includes all meat poultry and egg processing centers. Forty eight is the authority to enforce the food safety regulations requirement it gave us that authority to do it prior to that we didn't really have any there was no. There was no penalty for disobeying what they wanted you to do but after this there was a poultry were not included until the twenty's so. There's also some information about research centers to to start testing for foreign substances in that actually what is in the product was actually on the label. In one nine hundred fifty seven the poultry products Inspection Act. In. Introduced the concept of actor in truthful labeling any poultry products in interstate commerce had to be taken care of under this inspection of imported product to enter your port of entry and then it mirrored pretty much what was in the ME ME Inspection Act. As far as sanitation other than you know in a more than require human hand my requirements for forty three. Fifty eight the food additive amendment to Food and Drug Cosmetic Act Canada said guidelines for what you could and couldn't add into food and then in fifty eight the humane methods of slaughter. Which wasn't actually an active until seventy eight but it required all meat expected to be slaughtered with humane methods prior to that there was no requirement for that and they're still. Not really any requirements for poultry However we're working towards and have guidelines although they are not a statutory requirement at this point. In one nine hundred seventy we added the egg products to special air so that encompasses all over already meat for three egg products they are in the process of adding catfish under earth already but that hasn't been. Hasn't been finalized in historically all fish and shellfish have been under F.D.A. but due to. O. some. Requirements that they want. Other countries to me for importing care fish they're going to put it under our jurisdiction. Seventy one a face if you're familiar with the fifth Animal Plant Health a special service was started to. Supplement. In in the form some of the functions that we. Perform actually on the farm prior to becoming slaughter and animals. And the food safety and quality of service and Macy's seventy seven takes over for the for me culture Inspection Service. And then we we ended up with the name that we have currently which is who's Safety Inspection Service in one thousand nine hundred one. Other major points in our history in one nine hundred ninety three because of an equal zero zero one five seven H seven out. Of. Jack In The Box. That because of the brakes in those hamburgers. Came in adulterants and ground beef. And we began our pathogens sampling program that was no requirement. For against any of the bacteria that we know for. Ninety six to two thousand we introduced Hassett program which is a heather analysis Crittle control point which basically requires the plant to identify any hazards they may have in their process and develop. Areas to control those in ways to control them but will go over there earlier. And then in one thousand nine hundred ninety to two thousand and three we added. Osteria modest attire Denise. As an emerging pathogen and declared that adult friend ready to eat products that was a little closer to home just the other side of the day due to a hot dogs being affected with Syria I think it was twenty twenty one or twenty two people died and there was three or four stillbirth as a result of their outbreak. And that was from a plant over by Holland. This is just a break time because sometimes it's kind of hard to follow how the government works basically we have a branch and under that executive branch the Department the secretary of agriculture he has the Department of. Health and Human Services which contains the Food and Drug Administration and the Centers for Disease Control and then also the U.S.D.A.. United States Department of Agriculture which contains a fifth and F. Assayas E.P.A. is a totally separate section and those are all. Areas of the government that we work very closely with in interchangeably with a lot of our information that we collect and are now beginning to share. To help reduce. Outbreaks and. The secretary of agriculture as our overall overseer of our programs we have an F. Assayas to mistreat or under down the field operations we are fifteen districts to District four Michigan is actually in Wisconsin Madison Wisconsin. Under that is the front line supervisor position which is the position that I hold currently and we generally have an area that encompasses. Five to ten vets and. Different numbers of inspectors that we would supervise the supervisory public health but in your in those are usually our implant veterinarians and then they supervise any of the consumer safety inspectors or food inspectors who are actually the people on the line looking at the products for in the process Sinclair reviewing the sanitation. Again we receive all of our regulatory authority their statutes facts of. Longest through the federal me especially at the poultry products especially in the egg products Inspection Act and that provides all of our legal framework for. Activities all over sampling programs. In all of our regulatory authority and that's basically to protect them where for the consumers and the ninety eight fires the Code of Federal Regulations from which are developed the stare the statues are developed from those still. And then the humane slaughter methods Water Act was in a separate act of Congress say gives us the authority to regulate that as well. Ambition protect the consumer by ensuring that we pool three eggs products are safe wholesome accurately labeled prevent disease animals from entering the food supply examine carcasses and that every carcass for visible effects that would make them unsuitable for the food supply and inspect products through processing handling and packaging throughout the whole process to assure that that the sanitation is maintained and. The newest part that has been added on to our inspection authority is food security. In the light of I guess the place we live now. It was recognized that there are foods far I would be. A prime target for. Anyone wanting to do us harm so. Other more functions detection destruction or disease mean we ensure sanitary handling and preparation for vents adulteration. False labeling ensure all animals are. Handled while they're in under our authority and then that application of the inspection legend. Is a fried properly. All meat poultry eggs and catfish products is a fair export and any products that are imported into our country also have to meet our. Or in the fullest system of our standard to be able to import products into the US. This States were given the authority to regulate their own programs but they must be equal or better than our program to be able to to regulate themselves that currently Michigan does not have a state run me inspection program but some states have retained their very. We also cover the exempt processes which is custom slaughter which means if you raise an animal take it you can take it to a. Slaughter House where we don't inspect because it's your own animal and your take your responsibility to have a slaughter there with the understanding that you would get back the products from that slaughter and keep them for your use not sell them or any people that would come to your house I think it's your own paying guests and. I think if you have employees you can get them to but that's pretty much it the problem or exemption is if you slaughter animals on your own farm that doesn't fall under our jurisdiction either. I'm going to take up others or any questions about the mission before we start more of the actual Any questions. Dear me is considered anonymous species to our regulations that would be covered by the F.D.A. and the general food. People can have them slaughtered on a spectrum but it. Voluntary Service if they want to apply the budgets it's a sort of our normal round want to be a triangle and you can put that on El bison deer so sometimes you will see them inspected by U.S.D.A. but that's a service that whoever wants that would have to pay for but generally you know we don't we don't inspect deer or deer processors. Absolutely. No no. Question. If. We're going to start with a humane slaughter or an animal and I'm inspection this is going to deal primarily with. Read me species. Because there are no or no humane slaughter for poultry and in a more in general for trees down on a truck basis rather than individual animal basis. Humane methods a slaughter Act which we mentioned earlier that actually humane slaughter act of seventy eight again Paul for not included There's two methods of slaughter specified HUMANE one where you stun them before they are shot will thrown caster cat and then we also have exemptions for ritual slaughter which generally is culture. Where the animals are not rendered sensible before starting the slaughter process. Proven methods of stunning there is a chemical carbon dioxide Unfortunately I don't have good pictures this is a schematic of a hog conveyor belt system but a lot of plant to have these more you take pictures so. Basically. If you can you can see it point. And you see it around here so August. Come in through this system they go on this conveyor belt and then down into this. Diff which would be sealed to rich environment the animals are then rendered insensible and then go on a conveyor belt and out into the plant. Kind of hard to see. A better picture. For basic chemical company there's other systems they have elevator systems they have a kind of what looks like a Ferris wheel system and some parts of basically the animals are conveyed somehow into a carbon dioxide environment either some of them are actually killed and some of them are just. Held in there long enough to to render them insensible before they start the process also we have the mechanical methods our captive ball this gun. Would shoot this this project out into the skull of the animal and they take basic caps for bullets but no no no projectiles are fired from this gun it's just a bolt and then you reset it. You can also use firearms obviously you know all those pretty much work where there's a projectile discharge any animal SLATTER killed in this method you would not be able save a head hit me for any edible purposes. We have electric electric current this shows head and heart where they have the paddle on the side. It's going down to. Bring it down to the heart and then this is also electrified over the head area. We have authority to ensure the vehicle armor enters the firmest So they're required once the vehicle enters to have them on loaded in a reasonable amount of time and that depends on the the heat in the day. So that the animals are held too long without access to the water they have to prevent injury during unloading and padding position and condition of the trucks movement of animals on the trucks who are actually trying to get them off and the physical on loading. Has to be done in a manner to prevent injury. And driveways Francis to be kept in good repair which could endure pain and must provide good footing for the animal so if they choose to run they should have going to put in more than a slip any of these this is just some examples of people who aren't in compliance with these folks fence the big this is water filled for all but basically animals could get stuck in there too. So it's. Very. Significant your. Area. Handling of livestock has to be at a walk with a minimum of excitement no sharp objects and if you're using electric crowds they have to be less than fifty people so not a big the big one that you are cattle movers. Using. Disabled and not ambulatory animals. Have to be segregated in a covered pen they can't be left outside obviously no dragging conscious. Torrie disabled animals that cannot rise from or walk normally. Those If it's a cow if it's a cattle those animals or condemn any other species you have to treat them as so far. And there have to be. Humane they treated. So the non-ambulatory cattle those will be euthanized down in the barn as is so they wouldn't be moved or done anything with it until after they've been killed out in the bar they never come in to the point. Where. Condemned is mean to cattle any animal any cattle that are not ambulatory those animals cannot be used for human food cannot even come into the the processing plant they would be they would be killed in nature and sent to a renter or a landfill most likely. Well it depends on how the plant that they bring them into has it set up if it's they they could have bought them. You know bought them out right in there when they arrived to plant but a lot of people also have a set up where you pay the producer after they've passed inspection just depends on what agreement they have set up with a producer. Most places would already own them and if the same producer had sent a bunch of animals a guy can down the. The plant will usually dock their produce or if they are stop buying from them basically. Other questions. And all the animals have to have access to food water has to be. Yes well all the time other than if they're in the process of moving them or unloading them but any time they're in a pen they have to have water and they have to have appropriate food if they're held over twenty four hours so if you have calves you can't feed him hey you have freedom milk if you're holding them over twenty four hours. If you're holding them overnight have to have space to lie down. Any time that you're starting. And restraining those have to be done in a in a way to minimally reduce any stress and not. Harm the animal and then they're not allowed to return to consciousness after they've been stung and have started the into the slaughter facility so once they've knocked them they rendered him in conscious thought if they return to consciousness before they actually perform a killing. Then they get a lot of trouble. There we understand it and of course because there's a the captive ball the electrics are those are all stunning methods not killing so they're stunned and then the killing step is actually the sticking and the bleeding out of the animals were actually killed again. You mean handling poultry just a little bit not covered on the humane slaughter act. Poultry the poultry products Inspection Act only requires that all three are not dead. By. That they're If third dead by other means than actual slaughter. That's the only thing that's not allowable so they can't come in to. We we've put out good commercial practices that ensures proceeding that the breathing has ceased before they enter a sculptor but those are just recommend. Sions and don't have the regulatory authority yet but I know they're working for us but acts of Congress require time. The treatment before slaughter they they also have a Federal Register notice whether planning to start the process it is Federer to serve where they put out what they're planning on doing and gives the industry time to comment. On the new regulations that are coming so those good commercial practices have been put in Federal Register notices and they regulate regulate a systematic approach but again they're voluntary. Stark inspection and a more this is generally this is a single animal this probably a veterinarian looking at a single animal generally they're done in groups and are moving they have to be moved around have to be observed in motion and and at rest. There the purpose of the animal or them inspection on the on the red meat purposes or for a. Wholesome safe product and if the animals are humanely Hannibal excuse me I mean the handles. They have to be performed on the premise the day of slaughter you have to observe the animals in motion and at rest. In a more misdirection is generally performed by food inspectors or consumer seething inspectors in the plant that have been trying to segregate normal from ever normal animals or they cannot make final dispositions on red meat species of animal and can also be performed by the veterinary medical officers. And then they would provide. Provide a final disposition on any animals they get suspected by. The inspectors. The outcomes for animal. Artemus faction pass for regular slaughter meaning they're allowed to go into the plant and continue on the far process they can pass so I guess suspects which means we noticed something on a more we're not maybe not quite sure what it is or if it's bad enough to condemn the animal but we want to make sure that we take a second look at this animal when it comes. Inside the plant after it's passed through the slaughter process and animal will be pulled out for Bonaire disposition. And then they can be us condemn those animals are humane the killed in destroyed. Or they can be held for observation testing treatment. And. I'm sorry. The final outcome of the animal if it can either pass for slaughter the veterinarian is responsible for looking at making those final decisions on how animals are going to pass through the process. To get my point across this OK. So Armin is going to go through a couple the conditions that we may or may not see our animal this is certainly not an all inclusive list but obviously if we saw this animal it would. Be held out for veterinarians to look at. This animal specifically has ocular scream a cell carcinoma be on all those are common in her fur. Those animals will either be us suspect if we don't believe that metastasize anywhere from the I. If it's extensive necrosis and sometimes you actually see the full of nodes are large down there though the animals will be condemned on in the morning. Another picture of accounting in a more dough this this animal actually has Act I either active in a vast loss' or at to my CO sis sometimes will send it away to actually find out what form that a lot of times. If it really fall down to if we believe it. Systemic or if it's local ares to the general or the joy or area though the animals would also be so affected. This is just one of the down the non-ambulatory disabled cattle. All cattle are condemned if they can at RAW use or entirely normally. All overseas species are us suspect. There's. Other conditions that were looking for an animal or CNS this heifer has a head still. Although it's not it's not as observable on a still still photograph Normally they'd be circling around the pen if question. In we used to. I was though their animals to go in for slaughter but after the advent of B.S.E. spongiform encephalopathy which we're going to go over later. Those animals were no longer no matter what because what was happening is somebody would see an animal. But you really couldn't tell if you've ever tried to farm a broken leg in a cattle unless it's obvious where it's. Hanging off if you know so animals are slipping in that maybe didn't have broken legs so rather than allow that no animals. Are allowed to go in her care. Even if it's seems quite silly that the animal's perfectly healthy. Yes that's usually an option either she asked Is it OK for farmers and meaning regulatory only do I personally feel it's OK still but we have no regulatory authority to. Enforce to make the farmers have these animals treated prior to sending them to slaughter sale. Or not send them at all some farmers do better at that than others. Purposely calling out animals on the farm they're obviously are not going to make it through slaughter. Others still try to sneak one by or. CNS ever you know you think all the farmers know by now the Any animal with a CNS. Observable CNS conditions wouldn't even send them because it's not going to get any better unless it's treated in a lot of times you can't treat it but they know it's going to be condemned but they send it to the slaughterhouse. To have the slaughterhouse because it's easier for them to get rid of it that way then to have to get rid of it themselves if they don't have a a way of taking care of them still. And all animals that are condemned first you know it's funny in a moral have to be tested for the first. Case. Animal Fair CNS conditions. Are in them only cattle are tested for various. They've talked about. Groovy testing in sheep but we haven't made it. A wide practice. There was another question there was a question. Like. Other conditions swallowing false likely an abscess but until it's kind O. friend says. Sometimes bruising all. Over the parents all those animals would be us suspect unless we obviously believe it's become systemic. Or if you. Can do is it isn't more or dad I believe the family is still alive but more barn is basically So on the. Food that we put we all come together and all those animals will be down. They can and they go to a rendering facility and lenders are regulated far. Other but they could end up in five food. But I think anybody who's picking up. Like dead stock there it is much older cattle those they don't they're not allowing those to go into pet food because of the B.S. but they rendered into fat and in different. Different products but nothing that would get fed back to the animal. It's not that. Difficult breathing could be you know morning. Fluid around the heart lots of different. Reasons but the posture basically does the same extended knack. The observable musculature over the ribs. Those are suspect it unless they're obviously systemic which means they can be condoned on the in a more in this well. So skin conditions the scanner syphilis and soaring. US suspect. Or a shrimp or body condition those animals when they're severely wasted like this would be condemned on any of them are invisible. So fevers get the maximum and minimum and then there are levels for which any animal exhibiting a temperature over one hundred five or one hundred six will be automatically condemned on the on a Mormon as well. During our you know Marnham inspections We're also looking for portable diseases. All these diseases we fear a porter to venerate services and a first secure diseases for the. CNS diseases. Brucellosis. Through arms it's usually don't sell this see that's when we're usually coordinating with them on testing and there's there's a box of other ones too. It are chronic degenerative disease affecting the central nervous system of cattle it's linked to reason we care is it's linked to Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease. In the agent resist any freezing drying cooking pasteurization or sterilization so any normal methods we would would use to destroy the microbes in our food products if it doesn't doesn't have any effect on this sort of. Fry up. Of the first diagnosis diagnosis was in great bear in one thousand nine hundred eighty six. Since then well why there have been more than one hundred eighty thousand cases of the A C. but ninety five percent of those have been in the United Kingdom. There's been twenty two other countries there found it the first live in the US was found in two thousand and three I think our last positive is in two thousand and seven or eight. And we haven't had any since then. We we've adopted several rules in response to see. The disposition of non-ambulatory disable cattle which we talked about earlier because it was found that cattle that were not in the military or disabled had a higher incidence of B.S.E. This is all information that came out of England after there. There are issues with it any of the it mant recovery systems which is where they put pressure on the left over stuff to to obtain the last little bits of scraps of meat off the bone and so it is not done by hand it's done mechanical means. Those were all discontinued use in in me and. B.. They prevented the use of air injection stunning devices we used to have. Stunning guns with a captive bolt that after the captive ball punctured the skull they would inject air to ensure that the brain was was disconnected from but they also found that those stunning devices injected tiny tiny little bits of. CNS tissue into the bloodstream and they would find it in the liver. Of those cattle that were. Forced on using their injection devices so they stopped that and then they also for hid the use of which are specified risk materials those materials in the cattle that have been found. To However I are concentration of the B.S.E. agent so those can no longer be passed for human food in the animal. And we'll discuss exactly what those are for the later later section. Cannot prohibit a from far before twelve two thousand and four dead other than for slaughter were prohibited dying or showing signs of quote central nervous system after that we added the non-ambulatory disable cattle. Is in accordance with the final rules. This is a little bit about full tree inspection it's different because most of the poultry that are slaughtered are a much younger ages slaughter them are reading these species they have very similar genetics in a single flutter of soccer a lot of. Uniform nutrition practices. The animal they animal and I'm especially is done by at the day of slaughter. Either on the truck or the. Have them often creates it must occur prior to hanging the animals. And you're basically looking at the overall condition of the far and for any evidence do you settle bills. That will be so you'll be able to see on a whole profit basis and then those that you can suspect certain lot sell for. Further looks. To kill for after they've been passed for suspects. Then it's just a picture of you know how in a model for true would be just looking at the entire car. That's the end of an a more dominant humane handling if they have any specific questions for we start post-mortem inspection. At man Vance meat recovery systems they're basically a system where after you've gone through the. The processing of a an animal and you've cut off all the major pieces of me all the zero in this thing and turn it into a Usually it's kind of a press. Where it crashes the bones and the things that can. Squeeze like the little pieces of meat that are while those bones the stuff will be pushed through a plate at the end of the bones of staying in. The chamber and they just pressing a little tiny pieces of me and they get all the very last little pieces of for me off. Of the bones and stuff kind of hard to explain unless you've never seen it or use it it's still a lot and put three you'll see in your ingredients. M.S.T. here. Which is mechanically separated Turkey so scary things for the carcasses go into a. Cup. In order for us they press the last few says in the little stuff. They don't allow that M.B. for V.S.E.. Other than. For certain plants that can but they have there's a lot of controls on what goes into that A.M.R. system. For for most purposes more. Still questions for that session. Were given. If we're going to make it through all these but will start read me a slaughter. Inspection a disposition. This is more of. Basically every year Million hundred thirty five million livestock so this doesn't include four true this is just. Me species are looked at in every single one of them passed by U.S.D.A. inspector and ashes the various numbers. Of Species. Of them especially is divided into three sections and to this. Inspection that's performed by train food inspectors who say very normal from abnormal so they don't have to be trained in exactly what the disease process is to be able discern OK this is a normal looking long this is an hour long. They look at every carcass and then any one that they find that is not normal or abnormal veterinarians need to make the final disposition of those carcass. One of this the physicians for the the read me. The head inspection the inspectors are there meaning all the surface of the hair the lymph nodes MacIt are muscles and they're putting the tongue in a look for lots of different diseases but the main ones are T.V. And this is a picture. Side of. The bottle. For. Wouldn't our nerves acting on my closest lesion. Visser inspection station there observing the viscera in sizing the long nose and sizing opening looking at all chambers. All over. One nose and serving it intestines misplaying And again or looking for many different. Diseases whether down those inspections. The carcass inspection or observing the forensic environmental pelvic cavities for anything in there observing the outer surface for signs of contamination by the plant and there there's you know where they look at the kidneys and diaphragm muscles. OK. Yet the player is required to it because they separate all these parts in order of those pesky inspected the plan is required to keep tabs on OK this carcass forms to this head and this viscera and this plot than anything else they cut off before until it's passed final inspection so if the cook at the final inspection of the carcass especially if they find a problem then everything gets pulled out and then set out for the better into a gaffe. There's a question over here. Fares for your ship OK. The outcomes post-mortem disposition are US inspected and passed meaning it's all. OK And it's going on to become hamburger or. Sausage or whatever else are making us inspected. Meaning that it didn't pass those markers affection and it gets the nature and put into the rendering pit. For duration. For freezing in the can which they can do for. A few other diseases past for cooking certain disease processes can be passed for cooking. For the past for heeding warnings. And then perhaps for used in. Cooked or commentator products so those are the outcome. The disposition thought that the veterinarian is usually going through is their disease or abnormal tissue or is it just some difference in an appearance or a species difference when the when it's very real that all is in a crude or acute or chronic process is a process localizer generalize. The body functions as a result of this. Disease and then is is it injurious to the consumer or is it offensive or wrong and those are the general questions. We'll be going through and I see for me to stop. I think this is probably a good place to stop and go on to different things that we would see of course for him. Thursday but. Is there any quick questions before we. Close today. Think.
VM_544-12072010-Meat-Inspection-Toulan
From pblhlth Program in Public Health March 31st, 2017
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